𧬠Tuskegee Syphilis Study (1932β1972)
What happened: 600 African-American men in Alabama were enrolled in a study on syphilis. They were not informed of their diagnosis and were denied treatment even after penicillin became the standard cure.
Tragedy: Many died, infected others, and passed congenital syphilis to their children.
Impact: Massive loss of trust in the U.S. medical system and creation of ethics oversight like the Belmont Report.